Criticism Grows as House E-Vote Debate Delayed
Computerworld (06/14/07) Songini, Marc L.
The Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act, which addresses
security and reliability problems in electronic voting machines and would
require all touch-screen voting machines to provide a paper trail, is
drawing criticism and has even lost the support of a co-sponsor as it waits
for a Congressional vote. Former co-sponsor of the bill and presidential
hopeful U.S. Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio) described the bill as "a voter
reform bill rapidly losing support," and said he plans to introduce a
separate bill that would require all ballots in a presidential election to
be hand counted. The bill was approved by the U.S. House Administration
Committee in May, but has not been debated by the full body. A spokesman
for the bill's primary sponsor, Rep. Rush Holt (D- N.J.), said the delay
was because of other Congressional priorities, and no prediction was given
for when debate on the e-voting bill would begin. Criticism of the bill
from voter advocacy groups and analysts has markedly increased, with some
saying that touch-screen systems should be completely banned, and others
arguing that the legislation favors e-voting machine vendors over the
public. The bill also restricts machine source code inspections to
experts, and forbids them to share any information unless "egregious flaws"
are found. Holt's spokesman said the bill does not specify a specific
e-voting technology. "It is agnostic on equipment choice, as long as the
voting system meets the principles of verifiability and audit-ability," the
spokesman said.
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ACM Research Contest Showcases Innovative Computing
Projects
AScribe Newswire (06/14/07)
ACM presented awards and cash prizes to the Grand Finals winners of its
Student Research Competition (SRC) at the ACM Awards Banquet June 9 in San
Diego. The competition featured research projects from an international
pool of nearly 200 graduate and undergraduate students. The winners were
recognized for their achievements in computing research, which covered
topics such as computer graphics, programming tools, wireless networks,
mobile phone design, non-visual Web browsers, biomedical information
extraction, data exchange, and grid computing. The SRC was previously held
as part of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education
conference, but is now held throughout the year with at least 10
presentations at various ACM SIG conferences, each conference focusing on
different areas of computing. "We know from events like ACM's
International Collegiate Programming Contest that early practice and
preparation for these competitions is a major advantage in demonstrating
success in these problem-solving projects," says Ann Sobel, chair of the
SRC Committee and associate professor at Miami University of Ohio. "We're
pleased to see these competitions continue to expand to additional ACM
conferences in many diverse areas of computing." The first place winner of
the graduate student competition was Eugene Borodin of Stony Brook
University for his research on computers and accessibility. The
undergraduate winner was Anselm Grundhoefer from Bauhaus-University,
Weimar, for his research on real-time images for computer graphic
applications.
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Computers on Space Station Crash; NASA Weighs Options if
Repair Fails
Washington Post (06/15/07) P. A11; Kaufman, Marc
Russian and NASA engineers are trying to discover what caused the crash of
two computer systems essential to the operation of the international space
station. NASA officials said the situation appears to be improving and
some communication has been restored to the Russian computer systems, but
the agency is making contingency plans in case the systems can not be
repaired, including abandoning the $100 billion facility. NASA's chief of
space operations William H. Gerstenmaier said the system failure is
complicated and will probably take days to fix. "At this point, we don't
know the root cause of the problem," Gerstenmaier said. "Fortunately, we
have a lot of flexibility in terms of timing." The computer systems, which
control thrusters to keep the station properly orbited and control the
oxygen production and carbon-dioxide scrubbing systems, started to have
problems after new solar panels were deployed. The three-person station
crew was joined this week by a seven-member team on the space shuttle
Atlantis. NASA officials said there is currently no danger to any crew
members. Michael T. Suffredini, manager of the space station program at
the John Space Center in Houston, said the computers may be sensitive to
variations in an electric signal that can cause static. Such static
"noise" may have started after the new solar panel array was connected.
The computers appeared to be stuck in a rebooting cycle, and the system
failure led to a number of false fire alarms. Suffredini said he fully
expects the problem to be solved, but as a precaution NASA is considering
extending Atlantis' stay because the shuttle's power and thrusters could be
used to keep the station properly situated so the solar panels face the
sun. If the Russian oxygen production machine cannot be restored, the
space station has a 56-day supply of oxygen available.
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Will Making Computer Science More Fun Attract College
Students?
Computerworld (06/15/07) Weiss, Todd R.
Washington State University, Vancouver assistant professor of computer
science Scott Wallace and University of Puget Sound assistant professor of
computer science Andrew Nierman believe that computer game-inspired lesson
plans will attract more students into the field of computer science. The
two researchers recently received a $147,000 grant from the National
Science Foundation to create interactive computer game models and sample
course curriculums that colleges and universities could use to attract
potential computer science students. "Nationwide, we're facing a real
shortage of computer scientists, so if we can make the field more
interesting, that is a goal many people are interested in pursuing,"
Wallace says. Work on the two-year project started in April, and course
material will be made available to schools as it is completed, Wallace
says. Wallace has incorporated computer games into computer science
classes for the past two years, and says that prestigious colleges
worldwide have also been adding computer game design classes as a way to
attract more students. Results from a recent Computing Research
Association Taulbee Survey on enrollment and employment of Ph.D.s in
computer science and computer engineering schools show that after six
straight years of decline, the number of new computer science majors in the
fall of 2006 was half of the number in the fall of 2000, dropping from
15,958 to 7,798. A study by the Higher Education Research Institute at the
University of California at Los Angeles showed that interest in computer
science and computer engineering as a major dropped 70 percent between 2000
and 2005. "Students don't find computing very interesting and compelling
very often," says Computing Research Association executive director Andrew
Bernat. "There are a lot of schools that are trying to find ways to make
it more compelling while teaching the subject matter."
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NATO to Study Defense Against Cyberattacks
USA Today (06/15/07) P. 20A; Michaels, Jim
NATO defense ministers have agreed to study how to protect its 26 member
states from cyberattacks. The decision follows the electronic attacks that
were launched against Estonia's public cyberspace controlling banking,
email, and other functions in April and reached a high point in May.
"Urgent work is needed to enhance the ability to protect information
systems of critical importance," says NATO spokesman James Appathurai.
NATO says the cyberattacks, which nearly brought Estonia to its knees, were
launched from computers in about 50 countries. The nation has embraced the
Internet, and many Estonians vote, bank, and carry out other functions
online. NATO protects the alliance's own network, but its political
leadership would have to decide whether to expand its mission to include
cyberpspace protection, adds spokeswoman Sheena Carrigan.
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BSC Director Wins International Award
HPC Wire (06/13/07)
ACM and the IEEE Computer Society have named Mateo Valero the winner of
the 2007 Eckert-Mauchly Award, which honors those who have made outstanding
contributions to computer and digital systems architecture. Valero, a
professor at the Technical University of Catalonia and director of the
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, played a leading role in building a world
class computer architecture research center, made key contributions to
vector computing and multithreading, and blazed a new trail in
instruction-level parallelism. High performance architecture is the focus
of the research of Valero, who has been an ACM Fellow since 2003. The
Eckert-Mauchly Award is the computer architecture community's highest
honor, and Valero will be the first Spaniard and second European to receive
the award. "Receiving this award is to recognize the effort of a lot of
people who collaborated with me and, especially, my PhD students," says
Valero. ACM and IEEE will present the Eckert-Mauchly Award to Valero at
the 34th International Symposium on Computer Architecture 2007 (ISCA 2007),
which will be held in San Diego. The award is named for J. Presper Eckert
and John W. Mauchly, the designers and builders of the first large scale
electronic computing machine.
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Intel Readies Massive Multicore Processors
CNet (06/14/07) Kanellos, Michael
Intel researchers are developing methods that would mask the intricate
functionality of massive multicore chips to make it easier for computer
manufacturers and software developers to adapt to them, according to
Intel's Tera-scale Computing Research Program co-director Jerry Bautista.
Bautista says the multicore chips will likely contain both x86 processing
cores, similar to the cores in the majority of Intel's server and PC chips
currently on the market. For example, a 64-core chip might contain 42 x86
cores, 18 accelerators, and four embedded graphics cores. The easy-to-use
multicore systems would "cloak" all of the cores in a heterogeneous
multicore chip in a metaphorical exoskeleton so that all of the cores look
like a series of conventional x86 cores, or even just one large core. "It
will look like a pool of resources that the run time will use as it sees
fit," Bautista says. "It is for ease of programming." A hardware
scheduler would also be used to divide computing jobs between cores on a
chip so certain computing tasks can be completed faster, as well as prevent
any single processing core from performing calculations nonstop and
creating "hot spots." Intel has also developed a low power input-output
(I/O) system. Currently, I/O systems need about 10 watts of power to
shuffle data at 1 terabit per second. Intel has developed an I/O system
that can transfer 15 gigabits at 75 milliwatts, and one that is capable of
5 gigabits per second at 14 milliwatts, about 14 percent of the power used
by current 5 Gbps systems. Intel executives say they would like to see
massive multicore processors released in about five years, but that a lot
of work still needs to be done.
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Evacuation Software Finds Best Way to Route Millions of
Vehicles
University of Arizona (06/11/07) Stiles, Ed
University of Arizona assistant professor of civil engineering Yi-Chang
Chiu has been developing Multi-Resolution Assignment and Loading of Traffic
Activities (MALTA), software designed to simulate large-scale evacuations
during a disaster to help transportation officials determine the best
traffic management strategy. "Solving large-scale evacuation problems is
overwhelming," Chiu says. "No one can just sit down with a map and draw
lines and figure out the best answer to problems like these." Chiu says
MALTA reacts to a situation in real time, adjusting as the scenario
changes. The software relies on detailed traffic census data collected by
state and city transportation departments, as well as real-time traffic
surveillance data. The software predicts actions drivers may take, such as
when they leave and what road they take, and adjusts for factors that may
alter drivers' plans, such as radio reports, congestion, and freeway
message boards. The program is also able to predict airborne hazards, such
as toxic gas from a refinery fire. By using air-plume dispersion models
and wind direction, speed, and temperature, the program can calculate
health risks and potential casualties. The program also provides
post-disaster assistance by helping officials make choices such as which
highway to repair and open first. Chiu says MALTA will be ready soon for
state transportation and emergency medical agencies. The next generation
of MALTA uses parallel processing and is designed to run faster, handle
larger networks, and respond minute-by-minute to real-time emergencies.
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Robocar II: Defense Agency 'Challenge' Turns to Urban
Streets
San Jose Mercury News (CA) (06/15/07) Nauman, Matt
Stanford University's racing team passed the first test in the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Urban Challenge. Stanford's
autonomous vehicle, a Volkswagen Passat dubbed Junior, used position and
orientation sensors, Lidar sensors, and GPS signals to navigate an obstacle
course with no human guidance. The robotic car drove along a predetermined
course, obeyed stop signs, negotiated intersections with other traffic,
slipped around stopped cars, and made U-turns after waiting for other cars
to pass through the intersection. DARPA's Urban Challenge is intended to
accelerate the timetable to deploy unmanned vehicles in ground combat.
DARPA representatives are scheduled to visit a total of 53 teams for the
preliminary trials. In August, DARPA will announce the 30 teams that will
advance to a qualifying event in October, and about 20 teams are expected
to compete in the DARPA Urban Challenge race in November. In 2004, DARPA
staged its first Grand Challenge, a desert race, but no team completed the
course. In 2005, five teams finished, with Stanford taking first place and
the $2 million prize. This year, prizes of $2 million, $1 million, and
$500,000 will be awarded to the top three finishers. "The robot drove very
well today," says Mike Montemerlo, the team's technical leader and a senior
research engineer in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab. Montemerlo
says Junior's sensor technology enables it to scan in every direction 15
times a second, while its programming allows it to react to that
information and make decisions on which way to go.
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Bangalore to Host India SSME Meet - 2007
Moneycontrol.com (06/14/07)
ACM and IBM announced the first "Service Science, Management, and
Engineering -- SSME Meet 2007," intended to help representatives from
academia, industry, and government cooperatively brainstorm on emerging
trends in an increasingly services-based economy and the "interdisciplinary
curriculum" necessary to create the technical talent that is currently
needed. The conference will be held on June 21 at the Hotel Taj West End
in Bangalore, India. "The SSME summit will aim at triggering a national
discussion on SSME as the focus for growth and competitive advantage, and
to build the foundation of a new interdisciplinary curriculum in leading
Indian universities," says IBM's India Research Laboratory associate
director Guruduth Banavar says. Banavar says the services needed in
today's economy requires the creation of a new academic discipline, and
that curricula must change to reflect the realities of today and tomorrow.
To developed workers with cross-disciplinary skills, many leading
universities are exploring and investing in the field of service science,
also known as service sciences, management, and engineering. University of
California Berkeley, Arizona State, and North Carolina State, among many
other American universities, have developed graduate level programs in
service science, and universities in Europe and Asia are doing so as well.
Services now account for more than 50 percent of the labor force in Brazil,
Russia, Japan, and Germany, and more than 75 percent in India, the United
States, and the United Kingdom. ACM Bangalore chapter chairperson Murali
Grandhi says, "It's important for all college students with a passion for
innovation to understand that technology is becoming more pervasive, less
costly, and more useful in business."
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Nanotube Circuits Made Practical
Technology Review (06/14/07) Greene, Kate
Carbon nanotubes are poised to replace silicon in microelectrodes because
they offer superior speed and better power efficiency. However, nanotubes
are fabricated in different directions, making it impossible to know which
nanotube formed which transistor, leading to chaotic arrangements and
electrical malfunctions. To solve this problem, Stanford University
researchers have written a program that finds a working circuit layout, no
matter how chaotic or misaligned the nanotubes may be. Stanford University
assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science
Subhasish Mitra and his team have created algorithms to sort through the
chaotic nanotubes. The researchers looked at a specific type of digital
logic gate called a 2-input NAND gate, which contains two parallel
transistors, and will not work if the nanotube transistors are misaligned.
To create a circuit with properly aligned nanotubes, the algorithm uses a
combination of mathematics and Boolean algebra to define regions in a batch
of nanotubes. Depending on the design of the circuit, the algorithm
creates a design that defines legal and illegal regions for the gates to
exist. When nanotubes cross regional boundaries, they are chemically
etched away to avoid conducting current to another transistor. Mitra and
his team generalized the approach so that it will work for any arbitrary
logic gate. The algorithm does not solve every problem with
carbon-nanotube transistor production. As much as 30 percent of a typical
batch of nanotubes act as a metal, constantly conducting electricity, which
makes them useless as transistors. It is also difficult to control the
density of carbon nanotubes from one batch to the next, and if the batch is
not dense enough there will not be enough nanotubes to make logic gate
circuits.
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Bones Could Allow Data Swap Via Handshake
New Scientist (06/13/07) Marks, Paul
Rice University researchers Lin Zhong and Michael Liebschner, with funding
from Microsoft and Texas Instruments, are conducting research that could
eventually lead to new ways for people to communicate with electronic
devices through their bodies. Wireless radio signals are already used to
control gadgets and implants, but Wi-Fi and other sources can cause
interference, making such devices unreliable, potentially dangerous for
medical patients, and hackable by anyone with an antenna. To avoid such
complications, the researchers are exploring using sound instead of radio
waves. Bone is an excellent conductor of sound, but has only been used to
transmit analog signals for limited, specific purposes. When testing to
see if a digital signal could be sent over longer portions of the body,
such as from a sensor worn on the wrist to a headset, the team used a small
vibrator on various parts of the body. The skeleton was able to conduct
low-power vibrations from one location to another with surprisingly few
errors. "This is quite amazing because all the links involved multiple
bones and many joints," Zhong said. Liebschner believes that the greatest
advantage to such a system is security, since data is transferring
completely within the body and can only be accessed via direct physical
contact. Zhong said that it may even be possible for people to exchange
information through a handshake.
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China Aims to Top U.S. in Cyberspace: U.S. General
Reuters (06/13/07) Wolf, Jim
China wants to replace the United States as the dominant power in
cyberspace, according to 8th Air Force Commander Lt. Gen. Robert Elder, who
is the head of a new three-star cyber command at Barksdale Air Force Base
in Louisiana. The command, which already contains about 25,000 military
personnel involved in everything from electronic warfare to network
defense, was created to maintain control over the cyber domain, which is
critical to communications, surveillance, and infrastructure security. The
Defense Department's annual report on China's military power said that
China believes computer network operations, attacks, defense, and
exploitation is critical to achieving "electromagnetic dominance" early in
a conflict. The Pentagon said China's People's Liberation Army has created
information warfare units to develop viruses to attack enemy computers, and
that China is also investing in electronic countermeasures and defenses
against electronic attacks. Elder said the majority of China's
cyber-operations is industrial espionage, executed by criminals, hackers,
and "nation-state" forces, with the objective of scanning U.S. networks for
trade and defense secrets. Experts say a successful attack on the U.S.'s
cyberspace infrastructure could interfere with global positioning
satellites and satellite communications, jam radar and navigational
systems, and generate fraudulent Internet financial transactions.
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Guessing Robots Predict Their Environments, Navigate
Better
Purdue University News (06/12/07) Venere, Emil
Purdue University engineers are developing robots capable of predicting
the layout of unfamiliar surroundings. The robots use P-SLAM, a new
software algorithm that allows them to create maps to predict what lies
ahead as they travel through a new environment. Purdue University
professor of electrical and computer engineering C.S. George Lee says the
more repetitive the environment, the more accurate the robots predictions
will be. "For example, it's going to be easier to navigate a parking
garage using this map because every floor is the same or very similar, and
the same could be said for some office buildings," Lee says. The algorithm
modifies an approach developed in the 1980s called simultaneous
localization and mapping (SLAM) that uses data from sensors to orient a
robot by drawing maps of the immediate environment. The new method has
been named P-SLAM because of its ability to predict what lies ahead.
Potential applications for P-SLAM robots include domestic robots and
military and law enforcement robots that search buildings and other
environments. A simulation of a robot using the algorithm found that the
robot was able to navigate a virtual maze while exploring 33 percent less
of the environment than would normally be required. "Its effectiveness
depends on the presence of repeated features, similar shapes and symmetric
structures, such as straight walls, right-angle corners and a layout that
contains similar rooms," Lee says. Future research will focus on robots
working as a team as well as "object-based prediction" that can recognize
objects such as doors and chairs.
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Microsoft Camp Gives Girls Look at Tech Jobs
In-Forum (06/13/07) Rogers, Melinda
Microsoft is hosting a technology camp for girls called DigiGirlz at its
offices in Chicago, Dallas, New York, and Fargo, N.D. Teenagers from seven
states, grades eight through 10, attend sessions on computer hardware,
software, programming, Web site construction, Internet safety, resume
building, and leadership and career opportunities. Microsoft gives each
camper about $1,000 worth of software and products that they can use to
practice at home. Microsoft community affairs manager Babs Coler says the
camp is one of Microsoft's efforts to encourage young women to pursue
careers in technology. Coler says many of the girls are from rural areas
and exposed to limited career options and that an objective of the camp is
to get the girls to "think outside the box" and pursue their passions in
ways that can revitalize the community. Coler says the number of women
entering technology fields is at its lowest level since 1972, a
discouraging fact to Microsoft recruiter Wendy Hill. Hill cited Grace
Hopper, who developed the first compiler for computer programming language
in the 1940s, when emphasizing the importance women have in the development
of technology. At Microsoft's Fargo office, 41 percent of its 1,293
employees are women, and 25 percent of Microsoft's 46,691 employees
nationwide are women.
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Data Deluge Coming
Australian IT (06/12/07) Wilson, Eric
Australian commerce and society are about to be inundated by business
intelligence (BI) applications that promise to invert traditional IT
practices over the next decade, according to a report by analyst and S2
Intelligence director Bruce McCabe. He makes more than 100 forecasts in
his study, and warns that 50 percent of all vital BI products will not
generate satisfactory results until 2013. The study anticipates a major
shortage of BI skills, which could impede some of S2's projections; current
BI software utilizes business-owned data sources, while next-generation
software is expected to blend in a massive amount of outside data of
divergent quality. The report predicts that the government will play a
major role in analytics services, facilitating a much clearer perspective
of community trends for businesses. S2 forecasts that governments,
manufacturers, farmers, and councils will be able to perform comprehensive
environmental analysis via "distributed sensor networks" in the field,
while business inputs, outputs, and market data will be used by analytics
software to furnish profit and loss reports. McCabe's report expects more
effective and earlier managerial decision-making through the exploitation
of data much sooner after it is generated, which supplies a reason why BI
investments are building momentum despite high failure rates. More public
disclosure of information on the Internet is also expected by S2, making
analytical ecosystems drivers of the information economy. BI latecomers
will not find any "shortcuts to building a culture that understands data
quality, knows the limitations of machine analysis, and strives to
continuously improve everyday business decisions," the report concludes.
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IP Address Depletion Looms, ARIN Warns
Network World (06/07/07) Marsan, Carolyn Duffy
On May 7, the board of trustees of the American Registry for Internet
Numbers (ARIN) resolved that it would consider making policy changes aimed
at encouraging "migration to IPv6 numbering resources where possible." In
making the announcement, ARIN said the migration would be necessary due to
the depletion of IPv4 numbers. The resolution came as a surprise to those
parties that have not been preparing for a migration to IPv6, says Apparent
Networks chief scientist Loki Jorgenson, noting that ARIN has changed its
stance on IPv4 and IPv6 from neutral to pro-IPv6. Jeff Doyle, a member of
the IPv6 Forum and the North American IPv6 Task Force, says the
announcement indicates that IPv6 is on the cusp of building real momentum.
"That announcement by ARIN is the first indicator of stricter policies to
come that, as the IPv4 address space becomes smaller and smaller, they're
going to make it intentionally more and more difficult in order to push
people to IPv6," says Doyle. Observers predict that ARIN's announcement
will motivate software vendors to finally start supporting IPv6 in
earnest.
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People Study Group Gets Technical
EE Times (06/11/07)No. 1479, P. 16; Johnson, Colin
Intel's People and Practices Research Group researchers how people live
and work and has had a strong influence over the company's overall
corporate strategies and technology development. The research group is a
team of non-engineers, including ethnographers, anthropologists, and
psychologists, that look at social science to guide the company's choices.
"We hire people who understand people," says the group's director Maria
Bezaitis. "We start in the social world and work our way back to
technology." The group has lead to the creation of ethnographic teams that
are now embedded in three of Intel's five divisions. One of the most
recent results of the group was the creation of the Mobile Clinical
Assistant (MCA), the first platform designed specifically for health care.
The MCA was designed based on the needs that were expressed during
interviews with nurses and doctors. Another product of the People and
Practices group is a project called Undersound that would allow London
Underground users to upload a song at the ticket booth, and download a song
while waiting for a train. Each song could be downloaded only once a day,
and would also provide information on where it was first uploaded and where
the song has traveled. The idea is to prompt casual conversations between
strangers and create imaginative theories as to who uploaded the song
first. The researchers are also developing a theory based on people's
perception of time and how they communicate with each other. "We are
currently formulating the idea of personal time zones," says senior
researcher Ken Anderson. "We want to find ways that technology can resolve
these conflicts with our concept of personal time zones, then develop a
portfolio of objects that can assist people."
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Breaking Network Logjams
Scientific American (06/07) Vol. 296, No. 6, P. 78; Medard, Muriel;
Effros, Michelle; Koetter, Ralf
Communications networks could become substantially more efficient and
reliable through network coding, which is founded on the principle that it
is more useful to send evidence about messages than the messages
themselves. This approach calls for the replacement of network routers by
coders, and when receivers collect the evidence sent by coders, they infer
the original message from the accumulated evidence. Communications systems
are modeled after the transportation paradigm of roads and cars, with
communications channels being the roads and bits being the cars; exceeding
a channel's capacity hampers reliable communications, and computer networks
suffer from bottlenecks because there are so many branching, merging, and
intersecting channels. In a network coding scheme, coders can combine
multiple bit streams in a single hybrid stream that provides evidence of
each message and thus boosts efficiency by avoiding logjams. A network's
capacity would never be decreased in a networking coding setup because in a
worst-case scenario it would precisely emulate the actions of router
systems. Changes to the system over time will make redesign unnecessary to
sustain optimum network performance if network coding is employed.
Relatively complex networks could also be fortified against attacks via
network coding, because evidence is interchangeable, and thus some packets
of evidence can go missing without creating difficulties. Network managers
will not have to open new communications channels in order to supply users
with the advantages of network coding, which will be complementary to other
communications technologies to the degree that users will be able to
squeeze maximum performance out of them.
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