ACM Awards Recognize Computing Innovators Who Solved Real
World Problems
AScribe Newswire (03/29/07)
Four awards will be presented at the ACM Awards Banquet, to be held on
June 9, 2007, in San Diego, honoring outstanding achievement and innovation
that affects our lives and work. The Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice
Award will be presented to the University of California, Berkeley's Robert
K. Brayton for his groundbreaking work in logic synthesis and electronic
system simulation, which led to rapid circuit design technologies for the
field of design automation. Brayton was involved in design automation for
the consumer, defense, and health care industries. The Software System
Award will be presented to Eiffel Software, an object-oriented programming
language and environment, which enables developers to create reliable,
efficient software that is easy to alter and reuse. Developed by Bertrand
Meyer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Eiffel has established
itself as a way to evaluate, design, implement, and maintain demanding
software systems. The ACM/AAAI Allen Newell Award will be given to
Cambridge University's Karen Sparck Jones for her work in information
retrieval and the ability of computers to work with "natural language,"
which contributed a great deal to modern search engines. Finally, the
Grace Murray Hooper Award will go to the University of California,
Berkeley's Daniel Klein for his creation of the first machine learning
system able to infer a high-level grammar for English and other languages
directly from text without human assistance. The system is a major step in
allowing computers to understand natural languages, and automate tasks
involving natural languages. For more information on the ACM award
recipients, visit
http://awards.acm.org/2006.
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Congress Finally Getting Its HPC Act Together
HPC Wire (03/30/07) Vol. 16, No. 13,
The idea that standard of living is dependent on national competitiveness
has brought high performance computing to the floor of Congress, and a bill
recently passed by the House could have a major impact on the field. The
history of the High Performance Computing R&D Act (H.R. 1068) can be traced
back to the 1991 High Performance Computing and Communications Act, which
established the federal government's Networking and Information Technology
Research and Development (NITRD) program. The 2007 bill would allow the
Director of the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) to create and supervise the roadmap for federal HPC systems. "This
is something the community has been asking for for awhile," said the
Computing Research Association's Peter Harsha. "The roadmapping is an
attempt to provide some structure to the planning process--to allow the
agencies to think more strategically over the long term." The President's
IT advisory committee would also be charged with establishing goals and
funding levels for the NITRD program, reviewing its progress, and reporting
to Congress every two years. A roadmap is thought to be the best way to
let federal resources take aim at HPC's major issue: Matching hardware and
software to meet the needs of the largest scientific workloads, which would
rely on investment in software technology, memory and process
architectures, and system interconnects. "The real issue is how do we get
the agencies to work better together so that we get technology transfer
across the various R&D programs and develop a clear strategy for advancing
the next-generation architectures, applications, software tools, and data
systems, in concert," explains former PITAC chair Dan Reed, "as opposed to
just being focused on big iron acquisition." The bill is expected to see
success in the Senate.
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New GPLv3 Draft Takes New Approach to Patents, Lock-Down
Technologies
Linux.com (03/28/07) Byfield, Bruce
Debate is likely to be provoked by the Free Software Foundation's (FSF)
third draft of the revised third version of the GNU General Public License
(GPLv3), which includes more explicit language concerning patents and a new
approach to the issue of lock-down technologies. The GPL's relationship to
patents was not fully covered by the second draft of GPLv3, and
consequently section 11 of the license has been retooled, replacing a
pledge from distributors not to assert patents with a more explicit
definition of the transaction as "a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims in its
contribution, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import, and otherwise
run, modify and propagate the contribution." The third draft also defines
a patent license as "a patent license, a covenant not to bring suit for
patent infringement, or any other express agreement or commitment, however
denominated, not to enforce a patent." Selective patent protection with a
third party as part of a business deal is banned by the new language in
order to prevent a recurrence of agreements such as the one between Novell
and Microsoft. The second draft of GPLv3's declaration that "no permission
is given for modes of conveying that deny users that run covered works the
full exercise of the legal rights granted by this License" invited howls of
protest from Linus Torvalds and other leading kernel developers, and
brought into sharp relief the open source community's and the free software
community's differing views on code freedom versus user freedom. The third
draft does not designate all lock-down technologies incompatible, but
instead categorizes the "corresponding source" for object code as all
source code necessary for the creation, installation, and execution of the
object code. This new language addresses the FSF's concern that lock-down
technologies could hamper free software performance and depends on
requirements that are already widely approved.
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Intel Plans Faster Chips That Also Save Power
New York Times (03/29/07) P. C4; Markoff, John
Intel is developing a new breed of chips that are capable of significantly
enhanced performance without consuming more power. These chips will have
45-nanometer-long wires and up to 820 million transistors, allowing the
addition of parallel computing, energy management, and graphics. The
Penryn chip will most likely be released this year, and the Nehalam chip
next year. AMD plans to complete work on Barcelona, 65-nanometer
technology with four cores, during the second half of 2007, and has said
that Intel will not be able to catch up with its existing designs until the
release of the Nehalam chip. Intel's Pat Gelsinger says the chipmaker is
taking a "tick-tock" approach, meaning it will introduce incremental
changes with the Penryn chip and then more sweeping improvements with the
Nehalam chip. Nehalam will have as many as eight processing cores,
built-in graphics and memory control processing, as well as networking.
"It will unlock the full capacity" of 45-nanometer technology, says
Gelsinger. Intel will have the ability to create ultralow power chips, but
first aims to increase speed without surpassing the power consumption of
current chips.
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DAC Program Features Automotive Electronics
EE Times (03/28/07) Goering, Richard
The Design Automation Conference has published the technical program for
the 44th DAC, which will be held June 4-8, 2007, in San Diego and is
expected to host 11,000 attendees including academics, designers, and
executives. The program includes 161 papers, eight special sessions, seven
full-day tutorials, eight panels, 18 pavilion panels, and seven hands-on
tutorials. Wednesday, June 6, will focus on automotive electronics.
General Motors VP of R&D and Strategic Planning Lawrence Burns will give
Monday's keynote address, titled "Designing a New Automotive DNA," which
will discuss automobiles changing from internal combustion engines to
fuel-cells, batteries, and other technologies. Tuesday's keynote will be
given by Samsung Semiconductor System LSI Division President Oh-hyun Kwon,
who will talk about the challenges facing the semiconductor industry as
prices fall and costs rise, and suggest approaches for meeting these
challenges. Thursday's keynote will be given by University of California,
Berkeley electrical engineering and computer science professor Jan M.
Rabaey and will be titled "Design without Borders--A Tribute to the Legacy
of A. Richard Newton." Rabaey will discuss how the EDA industry is being
applied to nano- and bio-constructions used by scientists. A Wild and
Crazy Ideas (WACI) session will be held, where out-of-the-box ideas will be
showcased in hopes of sparking discussion. Many panels will be held
throughout the conference, focusing on emerging and important areas of
interest. The exhibit floor will feature pavilion panels on topics such as
trends in EDA, managing mixed-signal designs, DFM, and system-level
wireless design. The complete program can be found at
http://www.dac.com.
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Far Infrared Can Be Used for Anti-Terror Devices, Faster
Wireless
University of Utah News (03/28/07)
University of Utah research have shown how far-infrared light can be used
to create much faster short-range wireless communications between computers
and other devices. The researchers found that shining far-infrared
radiation, also known as terahertz radiation, through thin steel foil or
film with holes punched in a semi-regular pattern known as "quasicrystal"
allows nearly all of the radiation to pass through. When this method of
transmission has been used in the past, unwanted frequencies were also
transmitted, but the new study displayed the ability to choose which
wavelength of far-infrared and visible light passed through the holes, and
that by tilting the film, the researchers could switch the transmission on
and off. Such results show that high-frequency terahertz signals can be
used to carry information in the digital code of ones and zeros, and that
superfast switches could potentially be constructed to move data at
terahertz speeds. Fiber-optic phone and data lines currently use some
near-infrared and some visible light, but far-infrared radiation is not
used at all. The rest of the spectrum is full of communication signals,
and "industry is starving for more electromagnetic frequencies," says
principal study author Z. Valy Vardeny. Many obstacles face the creation,
manipulation, and detection of far-infrared radiation, since today's
optical and electronic switches are unable to turn the signal on and off
fast enough to create binary code fast enough. No terahertz switch has
ever been built, but the researchers believe that their findings show that
such switches are possible and could be used for superfast communication
over a short distance. The study also showed that far-infrared radiation
could be used to detect chemical or biological weapons.
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Land Rush for H-1B Visas Expected Monday
Computerworld (03/30/07) Thibodeau, Patrick
The government will begin accepting H-1B visa applications on Monday,
April 2, and many immigration attorneys suspect the cap could be reached
within one or two days. The high demand is the result of a need for
workers, but is largely a "self-fulfilling prophecy," says immigration
attorney Peter Roberts, "because of the fear that [the visas] are going to
be used up. Everybody is loading up on the front end." Every year at the
beginning of April the H-1B visas are given out, and the 65,000-visa cap
was met on May 26 last year. If applications for less than the limit are
received the first day, but the limit has been reached after the second
day, a computer will randomly select enough to meet the limit from all of
those submitted on that day. Slightly more than are needed to fill the
limit are accepted, based on the assumption that some will be turned down.
In addition to the H-1B limit of 65,000, 20,000 more visas will be
available to foreign nationals who have received advanced degrees from U.S.
universities, and this limit is not predicted to be reached as quickly. An
immigration reform bill, currently in the House, would raise the H-1B cap
to 180,000 and do away with the limit on the second type of visas.
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Survey Shows U.S. Slipping Globally in IT Use
IDG News Service (03/28/07) O'Connor, Fred
The World Economic Forum's "Networked Readiness Index" for 2006 shows that
the United States has slipped to seventh place worldwide, from first place
last year, in the use of IT to maximize development and enhance
competitiveness. The study said the drop was due to "deterioration
relative of the political and regulatory environment," but also noted that
the country's education sector helped maintain a lead in innovation and
that venture capital availability, a smart financial market, and the ease
with which a business can be started contributed to a robust IT
environment. Denmark was ranked first, for its use of electronic services,
regulatory structure, and telecommunications sector. Other Nordic
countries also performed well last year, including Sweden, which came in
second, and Finland, which ranked fourth. The study attributed Nordic
success to an emphasis on education, efficient governing, and an eagerness
to use current technologies. While several Asia-Pacific countries were
ranked in the teens, India was ranked 44th and China was ranked 59th. The
poll took into account business, regulatory, and infrastructure
environments for IT; the preparedness of business, government, and
individuals to use technology; and the utilization of current technologies.
The results come after Bill Gates and Intel Chairman Craig Barrett spoke
in front of Congress, on separate occasions, to express the need for
improved math and science education and increased funding for R&D. A bill
has been introduced in the Senate that would double funding for a research
organization that also helps encourage students to pursue math.
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Wright State Researchers Pioneer New Ground in Web
Technology Affecting Health Care, Terrorism, Defense, Financial
Services
Wright State University (03/28/07)
Wright State University's Kno.e.sis Center is working to make it easier
for computers to understand data. "We live in a society where we are
deluged with data, and a key goal in our work is to organize and analyze
this data through computer applications and software development," explains
the center's Amit Sheth. "We want to collect the dots and then connect the
dots." Kno.e.sis focuses on establishing new techniques and technologies
for the understanding and implementation of data and for the control and
oversight of processes. Sheth dedicates a good deal of his efforts to the
Semantic Web, the vision of expressing Web content in a way that computers
can understand and analyze. The applications developed by Kno.e.sis could
effect many different fields. Researchers at the center educate and train
graduate students and develop technology that leads to software products.
Better electronic records could improve health care by understanding the
relationships and rules of different drug interactions, treatment, and
diagnosis. Life sciences could benefit from enhanced automation of
experiments and analysis of data. Financial services could more accurately
identify patterns and trends using the Semantic Web. Kno.e.sis could allow
security to improve thanks to the ability to coordinate data from many
different sources. Finally, integrating sensor data from many sources with
known databases could provide military troops and officials with improved
situational awareness. Kno.e.sis receives funding from the NSF, NIH, and
DoD.
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Amoebalike Robots for Search and Rescue
Technology Review (03/29/07) Graham-Rowe, Duncan
Virginia Tech roboticists are working on a robot that moves using its
outer skin as a way to navigate areas that would prohibit robots with legs,
wheels, or tracks. The robot's shape is known as "toroidal," an elongated
cylinder, which has actuator rings that run the length of the robot's body
and around through the middle of the cylinder. The robot would be able to
flatten itself out to squeeze into tight spaces during search and rescue
missions. When the rings are contracted at the rear of the robot, they
expand near the front, generating movement. The design was inspired by the
pseudopods that amoebas use to move, explains VT mechanical engineering
professor and lead researcher Dennis Hong. After beginning with flexible
toroidal membranes lined with propulsion rings made of electroactive
polymer or pressurized hoses, Hong has decided to use a more rugged
construction, which he describes as "a 3D tank tread." Although toroids
have been tested as propulsion systems before, Hong's research is
pioneering in its use of electroactive polymers to generate propagating
waves of contractions. "These experimental designs open new and exciting
perspectives in soft-bodied robotics." One challenge facing this design is
how the power supply, computerized controllers, and sensors would be
integrated, but Hong suggests placing these components in the center of the
toroid. He also envisions using a wireless controller to activate the
contractions of the rings using inductive loops for power.
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Q&A: New IAB Chair Mulls DNS Security, Unwanted Internet
Traffic
Network World (03/28/07) Marsan, Carolyn Duffy
New chairman of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Olaf Kolkman
explains in an interview that the narrow adoption of the DNSSEC DNS traffic
authentication approach is not a sign of failure, but rather a sign of the
slow deployment of the DNSSEC protocol. "For most application developers,
DNSSEC is not on the radar because of the lack of infrastructure, while for
the providers of infrastructure there are not sufficient users to justify
their expense," he points out. Luckily, some top-level domains have
stepped up to the plate to hasten DNSSEC implementation, although Kolkman
notes that "more DNS infrastructure will need to be signed" while
applications will have to start making use of the data. He says
ascertaining the importance of the DNS' authority and integrity to a
service is key to understanding the relevance of DNSSEC. Kolkman's
investment in the IAB is borne out of his hope to maintain the consistency
of the core principles for Internet usage for a time when his children use
the Internet as young adults. Among the issues he expects the board will
address over the next few years is unwanted Internet traffic. "In order to
connect to those billion of devices mentioned above, we will need to have a
network that will be able to deal with the dynamics of the
interconnections, as well as the sheer number of possible
interconnections," Kolkman comments. "Within the IETF there is, partly as
of a result of an IAB sponsored workshop on the topic, a fair amount of
energy to define an approach to deal with the strain put on the
network."
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Shoulder-Worn Camera Acts as Third Eye
New Scientist (03/26/07) Simonite, Tim
UK researchers have created a shoulder-mounted camera that can follow a
user's head movements, recognize hand movements, and create a virtual map
of it surroundings. The goal of the research is to have the camera know
what the wearer is doing at a certain time and provide assistance, reroute
phone calls, or bring up relevant information on a screen. A second
camera, placed where it can see the user, enables the shoulder-worn camera
to know where its wearer is looking. The camera is worn around the collar
and has three motors that let it move in a highly directional manner and
even tilt. Inertia sensors keep the camera oriented as the wearer moves
about. The user can point to direct the camera to an object or overlay
virtual objects on a video screen. "If you are going to use wearable
computers, you cannot use a computer and mouse," explains the camera's
creator, Walterio Mayol Cuevas. Users could construct their own "virtual
workspace" using the camera and a head-mounted display. Mayol Cuevas wants
the camera to understand hand gestures, because the "hands are always there
to see," and this approach is much easier than trying to have the camera
understand an entire scene.
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Iowa State to Unveil the Most Realistic Virtual Reality
Room in the World
Iowa State University News Service (03/26/07)
Iowa State University's Virtual Reality Applications Center has updated
the graphics and projection technology of its virtual reality room for the
first time since it opened C6 in June 2000. The 10-foot by 10-foot virtual
reality cube now projects two times the resolution of any other virtual
reality room in the world, and projects 16 times the pixels produced by the
original C6. Installing the new equipment "is like putting on your glasses
in the morning," says James Oliver, a professor of mechanical engineering
who serves as the director of the center. The approximately $5 million
investment in new equipment includes a Hewlett-Packard computer cluster
featuring 96 graphics processing units, 24 Sony digital projectors, an
eight-channel audio system, and ultrasonic motion tracking technology. The
new equipment was recently installed in the country's first six-sided
virtual reality room. The university will show off C6 during the Emerging
Technologies Conference 07 on April 26, 2007. The public will be able to
participate in tours that demonstrate C6's improvements in immersing users
in images and sound.
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Google Seeks World of Instant Translations
Reuters (03/28/07) Tanner, Adam
Google is working with machine logic in hopes of creating a system that
can instantly translate documents from, and into, hundreds of languages.
Past efforts have had language experts program computers with grammatical
rules and dictionaries, but Google's approach, using statistical machine
translation, will feed documents already translated into two languages into
computers so the computers can determine patterns for future translations.
Those who have worked in machine translation see important improvements
Google has made in the technology, but to the unfamiliar, the errors might
suggest fundamental flaws, explains project leader Franz Och. For most
translation jobs, a mostly-accurate translation would be sufficient.
Hundreds of millions of words from parallel texts have already been run
through the computers, and the system is improving with each document. By
using statistical analysis, Och hopes to avoid faux pas, such as the
instance where Vladimir Putin's translator addressed the current German
Chancellor as "Fuehrer." The correct title, "Bundeskanzler," is far more
common, so the computer would most likely make the right decision. Google
has made statistical machine translation of Arabic, Chinese, and Russian to
and from English available online, and third-party software allows this
translator to handle other languages. "So far, the focus is let's make it
really, really good," Och said. "As part of a general Google philosophy,
once it's really useful and it has impact, then there will be found ways
how to make money out of it."
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IT Workforce Development: Losing the Numbers Game
Wisconsin Technology Network (03/27/07) Vanden Plas, Joe
A decline in the number of people embarking on IT careers has lowered
businesses' expectations that sufficient numbers of professionals can be
found to fulfill their IT workforce needs. There are currently not enough
IT students to take up the reins from retiring technologists, leaving
companies in the lurch when it comes to acquiring creative problem solvers.
"Computer science is where the application-development side, the embedded
side of development, is," attests Manpower Professional recruiting manager
Robin Pickering. "There are simply fewer students who are migrating to the
IT field." The Information Technology Association of Wisconsin (ITAWi)
projects a nationwide decrease in the number of college-educated workers
across all fields over the next 13 years, while the impending retirement of
IT workers is threatening to leave a gap in expertise that CEOs must fill
by trying to implement post-retirement retention or mentor new talent. The
fall-off in computer science enrollments is attributed to a number of
factors, including the negative spin certain media segments placed on the
dotcom implosion and the offshoring trend, and the abrasive effects of K-12
education on children's inherent creative imaginations. The emergence of
new IT job opportunities is indicated by a 2005 University of California,
Berkeley study estimating that though some 70,000 computer programmers have
joined the ranks of the unemployed since 1999, over 115,000 higher-paid
computer software engineers have found work in that same period. Of
Wisconsin's 15 fastest-growing job occupations from 2004 to 2014, six of
those will be technology-related. ITAWi is readying a public awareness
campaign to clear up the media-proliferated misconceptions about IT
offshoring and to make people more cognizant of emerging growth
opportunities.
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OLPC Eyes Experimental Battery for $100 Laptop
Computerworld (03/29/07) Lai, Eric
The One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project sees cutting-edge Lithium Iron
Phosphate technology (LiFePo4) as a way to improve the energy storage
capacity of its $100 notebook computers, and negate a decline in maximum
charge over time. The OLPC announced at the ShmooCon security conference
in Washington, D.C., last weekend that it plans to use batteries with
LiFePo4 in its third batch of beta computers, likely in May. The
non-profit had planned to use inexpensive Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
batteries in the laptops. LiFePo4 batteries are able to store more energy
than NiMH batteries, and they are reported to be safer and less toxic than
Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries, which are found in most notebook PCs that
are on the market today. OLPC officials essentially hope the experimental
batteries are able to offer the stability of NiMH batteries and a storage
capacity that approaches the level of Li-Ion batteries.
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Engineers Tout 'Morphable' Computers
VNUNet (03/22/07) James, Clement
Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems says it has built the most adaptable
processor for the U.S. Department of Defense in the Morphable Networked
Micro-Architecture (Monarch) system, which will allow computers to morph
into different forms. A single system-on-a-chip, Monarch does not need as
many processors and operates in an array of chips for teraflop throughput.
"The Monarch micro-architecture is unique in its ability to reconfigure
itself to optimize processing on the fly," says Nick Uros, vice president
for the Advanced Concepts and Technology group at Raytheon. "Monarch
provides exceptional compute capacity and highly flexible data bandwidth
capability with beyond state-of-the-art power efficiency, and is fully
programmable." Raytheon says Monarch's performance was 10 times better
than Intel's quad-core Xeon chip in lab testing. With Monarch, systems
have six microprocessors and an interconnected reconfigurable computing
array that offers 64 gigaflops with more than 60 Gbps of memory bandwidth
and more than 43 Gbps of off-chip data bandwidth.
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The Mind-Bending New World of Work
BusinessWeek (04/02/07)No. 4928, P. 46; McConnon, Aili
Motion capture has long been a staple of Hollywood film studios and video
game makers as a tool for adding realism to computer-animated characters,
but the technology has started to migrate to the business world in
industries that range from aerospace to advertising. Motion capture has
also started to penetrate the consumer market through products such as
Nintendo's Wii game system, which allows users to control game avatars with
a special wand studded with motion sensors; Intel CTO Justin Rattner
predicts that gesture recognition could make remote controls obsolete
within five years. Another area being transformed by motion capture is
marketing, as exemplified by an effort to install large screens in a Las
Vegas airport that will display commercials that are responsive to
pedestrians' movements, or that can "insert" pedestrians into the ad. New
York's Hospital for Special Surgery and other medical centers use a system
that tracks patients' movements and compares them to a model of healthy
persons' movements, which could ease the assessment and treatment of
diseases such as Parkinson's and cerebral palsy. Meanwhile, manufacturers
of all stripes are using motion tracking to facilitate remote collaboration
between engineers, designers, and customers in shared virtual environments.
Lockheed's Ship Air Integration Lab has a collaborative space equipped
with cameras that capture the motion of participants wearing special body
suits and caps with reflective sensors; they also wear head-mounted
displays to view digital renderings of themselves and the simulated
environment, while advisers watch their progress virtually on a nearby
screen. The initiative seeks to reduce the cost of design and
manufacturing.
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Future Fab
IEEE Spectrum (03/07) Vol. 44, No. 3, P. 38; Mouli, Chandra; Carriker,
Wayne
Semiconductor fabrication plants are mostly automated thanks to software
such as Intel's Automated Manufacturing Technology (AMT), which oversees
and manages the entire chip manufacturing process, write Chandra Mouli and
Wayne Carriker of Intel's Logic Technology Development group. Software
also refines recipes for next-generation processors and fabs, which will
concentrate on churning out even smaller chips. The AMT suite consists of
four elements: The Manufacturing Execution System, the Process Control
Automation Framework, the Engineering Analysis Framework, and the Material
Handling and Tool Control; these components manage various applications
that control a different part of the chip manufacturing process. Real-time
XML communication between all machines and software in a fab is facilitated
by Intel's "grid" software, which functions as an electronic bulletin board
where machines and wafers post their individual locations and status.
"After a fab successfully implements the new chip-making processes,
engineers start investigating ways to improve transistor performance and
the yield of working chips from each wafer," note Mouli and Carriker. "As
soon as they can demonstrate an improvement, it is replicated at all other
sites that make the same chips." The authors contend that it will become
increasingly important to modify and replicate manufacturing processes and
recipes as smaller next-generation chips are rolled out, and this will
require an evolution in the software as well. The software will control
the manufacture of chips that will likewise run the software more
efficiently, Mouli and Carriker conclude.
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